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Archive for February 19th, 2008

19
Feb

a prince who came to control the world

A little while ago a very old friend and ex of mine who i adore (Sarah) caught up with me on Facebook and messaged me to say “still on course to take over the world then?” and i laughed. Moi? Surely not. But it got me thinking, because we say such flippant things in the knowledge that there are those who walk this planet that actually do. 1% of the population control most of our world and their mission is to retain control of it.

In the James Bond series, Fleming cast Ernst Stavro Blofeld as the archenemy and head of the global criminal organization SPECTRE with aspirations of world domination. You’ll recognise him as the bald man sitting on a black leather seat with a white Persian cat. The Austin Powers films parodied him as “Dr Evil”. His methods are overt terrorism and blackmail.

So as i spent some time walking in the woods recently i thought about screenplay writing and how exactly one might achieve that domination because it’s a lot easier than you might expect. This world works on established patterns and historical precedents that are continually relived, and is propped up by institutions that are dependent on each other that collapse everything if they are threatened. Our lives are more fragile than we think. I used to spend hours with Sarah’s best friend, Tracey (Piers’ ex), theoretically plotting the perfect murder in true whodunit-style.

Biblically, there is a “Prince of this World” with absolute unrelenting power over all people and things, representing the terrible darkness of human nature. What i am referring to is not the puppeteer, but the man who controls the puppeteers. You will never, ever meet him or see him, but rest assured he certainly is there and deserves his place. All human systems function as hierarchical pyramids, and you can guarantee you are right on the bottom rung. Conspiracy theorists call it the “New World Order“, “One World Government” or the organisation of the “Illuminati“, and the X-Files describe a group called “The Syndicate”.

My little screenplay (“A Son Of Perdition”) is actually about a man whose thirst for power leads to him unwittingly fulfilling the prophecies of Revelation without becoming an evil man, ultimately bring the whole world to war. One of my favourite books is “The Prince” by Nicolo Machiavelli, which is his observation and advice for his king about how he should behave ruthlessly and amorally to secure what he wants. That work is the origin of the phrase “the end justifies the means”, although it doesn’t actually appear anywhere in it.

So i set about dividing the whole human ecosystem into parts and seeing how they work together. The very first and most essential thing to any military or social system is its communications infrastructure (satellites, submarine fiber optic cables), and then its supply lines (planes, shipping, trunk roads etc). All strategies focus on destroying or intercepting an enemy’s communications, and then starving them of food and water.

So let us take a giant leap of presupposition and say there is a modern day 21st century Prince, who rose to control the whole world. How would he do it? How could one man rise above 6 billion? Impossible, surely? Alarmingly, it’s a lot easier than you might think.

There are 3 places where absolute power itself is concentrated:

a) The mind of the mob – i.e. public opinion, support and popularity
b) Money – i.e. banking and financial systems
c) Military force

In reality, this tends to be 3 separate institutions – the media, the banks, and the army. Each are controlled by the hypothetical “men behind the curtain” and form an interdependent and unholy trio. The people you see in front of you on the news and every day life are not those with any real power – our prime minister is confined by TV cameras and a hostile parliament that has to validate his every move. The true unseen ruler works in the back rooms and accounts to no-one.

The people confer and delegate their collective power and opinion to lawmakers and central government representation, so all who operate in a country are subject to a government’s will. Politicians derive their power and influence from the support and popularity of the masses they have – once they are rejected by the people, they carry no weight. The government generally controls the military because it funds it, but when a military is starved for funds or totally against a political system that regulates it, it regularly breaks control through its command structure (generals) and attacks the hand that feeds (or indeed, does not feed).  The money for the military comes from banks.

Governments borrow money and live in a perpetual debt to banks (particularly central banks) and rely on them as the engine of an economy – one that wins them votes if it operates well. Banks are dependent on their clients’ ability to repay, but because the money they original produced and leant was distributed at interest, they have not actually lost anything material. Bankers want one thing, and one thing only – to make ever more money.  To do that, the government has to let them run amok, and they need to keep a national population converting their wealth to liquid cash so it can be pumped into the bank’s coffers and loaned out again. That message is carried through the media.

Governments depend on the media to win votes, and British prime ministers effectively report to Rupert Murdoch as The Sun has the capacity to swing 30% of the vote at a general election (plus The News of the World, The Times and The Sunday Times) and 12 million adults out of 24 have a Sky Digital set-top box or access to the Sky News channel. The deal is that you get favourable coverage and support in exchange for a lapse regulatory regime and adopting Murdoch’s views as official policy. The media needs money to survive, is regulated by the government and needs attention-grabbing stories to generate an audience.

The purpose of power is to acquire more power, and as the universal human weakness, the hunger for it is endless.  No amount of power is enough – you always want more, and the more you have, the more psychotically paranoid you become about losing it. It corrupts all, with no exception.

Wars are the most profitable exercises you can ever undertake, but wars are also incredibly expensive. You don’t go into a war unless what you get from winning it (i.e. the spoils) will be more than what you spent. The bank lend you a fortune (and make a fortune from the interest), and you then pillage the land you invade to pay back the war debt and enjoy your economy profiting. This is why we go to war in Iraq, and not Zimbabwe, as Iraq has oil that can repay the war’s cost. It’s also the reason Saddam Hussein deliberately changed the country’s currency and the Allies reset it recently after the second invasion.

Controlling any one of those 3 will provide enormous power, as witnessed by every single banana republic dictator’s actions over the last 1000 years. First they take control by force through a military coux, then by their governmental power they assume command of the financial systems and eventually the media to suppress things they don’t want. These 3 work together and depend on each other for their strength. They can always function independently, but for mass widespread profit and unlimited acquisition of wealth and influence, all of them must get together and work as a team.

We know that each of these institutions are run by people, whose structure gets thinner like a triangle the further up the food chain you go. So controlling these things is about controlling a small amount of people. And the way to control and manipulate people is by offering them whatever they want that will increase their power, wealth and influence – appealing exclusively to their self-interest and the dark side of their human nature.

So to control the world, one must be a politician in charge of a powerful military who controls the media and the bankers.

But most of all, our prince must remain hidden because if anyone saw his true form or discovered his position or operations, he would be violently opposed and lose his power.  At this point he would have two choices – to hide himself under the nose of everyone and everything (as the best place to hide would be the last place anyone would ever look once they were blinded by the flash) or to be totally covert in the background. Either way carries risks. Either way, he would need to be seen as a philanthropic man of the people whose undoubted life of working tirelessly for charity would cloak any of his dark intentions.

It is then that we reveal our prince’s secret weapon that enables all of his absolute power – the notion of control by proxy. People do not accept control unless it works for their benefit, and will rebel against it. One cannot control any of these 3 by themselves, so our prince would need to indirectly control them by a proxy mechanism. Instead of owning the TV channels or communication lines, he would own the technology that distributes them. Instead of running banks, he would control the financial infrastructure that they rely on. By exerting direct force on what these systems depend, he achieves total dominance of all, and divides the rest in order to conquer them. You cannot rebel against that which you do not see, comprehend or acknowledge.

To work by proxy means our Prince could not, and would not ever be seen as an official ruler – there will never be a president of the world. But there will be presidencies of unions, and the one union that influences all the others will be where the true power lies. Money is made through wars between them.

Power in our world is divided according to the strength of an economy, and/or a military. Usually they are intrinsically linked – the US has the most powerful economy and military in the world, and all financial markets are dependent on the stability of its currency (the US dollar). Increased globalisation means that China will soon be the world’s dominant superpower, as they have an economic gun to the Americans’ head (in the form of acquired US Treasury bonds) and are growing so fast that no-one can compete. In the next 20 years, the landscape of the world would have changed and the US will be deposed. China, India, the US, Japan and the UK will be the dominant economies.

We see the trend that because of this superpower clustering, countries are forming alliances to consolidate and secure themselves, starting around common currencies and trading agreements.  Regions are becoming unions and the 4 corners of the world – the African Union, the Asian Union, the North American Union, and our European Union. These coalitions are designed to counter-weight each other and re-balance the distribution of economy and military power scattered over earth’s population. 2 stick out – South America, which may very well hang onto the coat tails of its northern cousins, and the Middle East, an area of the world in limbo without allies and the central Abrahamic battleground of everything since time began.

And eventually, we come to see our Prince and how he rises to power, and ultimately to pivotally control the entire world as know it. Firstly he rises through the media, building his understanding, knowing the generations of people who will work in it as his personal friends and becoming its centre. He creates and enslaves the majority of companies in that sector so that they are dependent on his enabling technology, and also becomes massively wealthy as a result of their use of it. Through his proxy, the satellites and fiber-optic cables fail to function without his machinery and every device screen on which the media appears becomes his to switch on or off.

Through his wealth he next needs to come to control the bankers, which he does through ruthlessly exploiting and feeding the obsessive greed, vanity and self-interest of the international banking families, private equity boards and multi-country commercial groups. Through his schemes they make billions, as he sets himself up in every financial market – London, New York, Tokyo, Hong Kong and more. Each daring raid pits bank against bank as the money flies backwards and forwards – he takes none for himself and lets the fat cats wallow in their banknotes as they love him as such a man of charity and benevolence. He weaves a web that makes them dependent on each other and by proxy all dependent on him.

The last of his feudal empires to conquer is that of true public power – the slow trail to the head of government. He would have chosen his target country and region very carefully according to his understanding of its future history that is yet to be written, knowing that the country he represents will ultimately form part of a greater union of neighbouring countries. Because of his ties with the bankers, his target would be London, as it would also offer the right media control and be part of the enlarged European Union. The combined strength of all the EU’s economies and its military forces would render it the most powerful of all the regions – able to effectively undermine and conquer that of the US, Africa, China and India.

So his true target would not be leader of that country, but of President of the eventual union, because through control of the most influential union he would control it all by proxy. He would use his immense wealth to personally fund a campaign of local electioneering that would see him voted into local government, and his huge public media profile would ensure that he was voted for and promoted through the ranks of his party, just because he was known and his morality would lend him the support of all the major religious organisations. His philanthropy would be evident in his bizarre lack of passion for power and his strange political neutrality, which would a smokescreen because of his knowledge that the prize was not where his supporters thought it was. His happy “accident” would simply be a longer road than others expect or assume.

So look out for a religious man who rises through the media with a philanthropic image, becomes extraordinarily wealthy with extensive international financial connections and then goes into politics to control the military and eventually end up as president of the European Union. Most importantly, look for him doing it in front of your very face through your disbelief that it could be even possible in the first place.

19
Feb

that enduring old phantom of threadneedle street

After watching Zeitgeist i’ve become fascinated with the banking infrastructure. And so i decided to learn more. What i found on my short but bizarre journey absolutely amazed me and humbled me because of the self-evident extent of my own ignorance about money and where it comes from.

My investment director has his office in Angel Court (yes, yes i know the coincidence when the technology is called “Prophecy“), which is smack bang right in the very heart of the City of London. During a round-table meeting we had a few weeks ago i explained that i’d been investigating how the US Federal Reserve managed to come to exist as it is – a single private company that virtually controls the world’s economy. The answer lies in the American civil war, but its roots come from the archetypal central bank – the Bank Of England. So my question to the absurdly rich collective of money men was as to whether our central bank itself was a private company or public organisation.

Worryingly, no-one actually knew. These billionaire bankers had no idea, and they are the ones who would know better than any other.

But why the interest in banking? It’s so incredibly boring. Well it is until you realise that a country’s central bank has absolute power and completely controls everything we do. And every central bank (of the 55 in the world, the first of which was the Swiss Riksbank) is descended from the Bank of England. Money is entirely man-invented, and manipulated every day by men. What you see on the markets is not a matter of chance, as economic rollercoasters (recessions, sub-prime disasters, stock market madness etc) are totally manufactured by rich men who are in the process of making a lot of money. Banks control the world, and they control almost every element of your life. The manipulation of money is a dark evil art that has gone on behind your back for centuries.

Angel Court coincidentally happens to be right opposite Threadneedle Street, so i told everyone around the table that i was going to find out after the meeting. I walked out the building late morning, crossed the road, and walked into the “Old Lady” herself. As you do. I don’t think anyone’s ever done that before, as the reaction i got was one of unbelievable shock. In typical Cameron-esque style, the journey was very strange and rather spontaneous with no clear direction.

What ensued was utterly hilarious. Despite my protestations of being a UK taxpayer, I was told in no uncertain terms that people couldn’t just walk into the bank as i did, nor could they still redeem paper notes for gold. But it would seem my jubilant disposition won the day, as the manager invited me in for coffee and spent a few hours personally taking me around the bank’s museum. It’s amazing what you can get if you just ask for it. I have a disturbing habit of creating these ridiculous situations out of my curiosity for truth and insight.

What he told me was rather life-changing for me. The way i understand it now has liberated me in many ways. One cannot remain slave to what one understands, and those that hide behind the curtain are vulnerable once they are seen.

“Money itself has little or no value. In fact, one could actually argue that it does not actually exist at all.”

General Manager, Bank of England (Anonymised, personal communication)

Pardon? Erm it certainly does, as i have a load in my pocket? But there you have it, straight from the Bank of England. Money itself has no value and does not exist. We have built a world based on something entirely false, totally value-less and thin air. Think of all the suffering it has caused and the madness that has been fuelled by it. Entire economies, industries, whole personal lives totally controlled and made miserable by it. And i knew nothing of this. I had no idea what money is and what it isn’t. I just assumed what i knew was the case. Nobody i know has been able to explain any of this either.

Things we own or have access to have value, and this is the basis of all systems on this planet. A house is valuable as it provides shelter; cars enable you to travel and so have a value; natural resources can be refined as precious stones or fuels and are important; art can be timeless and tends to have a value when it is preserved. Each one of these things is agreed to be worth something and has a real, tangible and legitimate value.

From the very beginning of our existence, we bartered things of value with each other. We offered something we had of value for something that someone else had that also had value. Even our time and skills have a value when employed for someone and could command a trade or payment of something else in equal value. This is the basic understanding of wealth – the collection of things that have value. The more things you have that have a tangible value, the wealthier you are deemed to be. Note that wealth has absolutely nothing to do with cash or money at all – it is in the acquisition of things that are valuable and generally desirable or useful. That value or usefulness gives them worth that can be quantified and they can be bartered or traded with others.

Clearly, you can’t exactly uproot an entire house to trade with your neighbour for a bunch of precious metals and bartering had serious limits (e.g. the “coincidence of wants” problem). So, if we couldn’t agree what something was worth in exchange or we didn’t want what the other person had, we developed what was known as commodity money. A commodity is a basic item used by almost everyone. In the past, salt, tea, tobacco, cattle and seeds were commodities and therefore were once used as money. However, using commodities as money had other problems, for example, carrying bags of salt and other commodities was hard, and commodities were difficult to store or were perishable.

So we began to produce coins when discovered touchstone, which allowed us to assess the purity of them once they had been made (minted). We melted down combinations of precious and non-precious metals (alloys) into fixed amounts and weights that were guaranteed by the emblem printed on them. 3 metals were used more than others – gold, silver and copper. Pure coins spoke for themselves as they had a fixed value being of pure base, whereas alloys or coins made with traces of gold or silver could only have their value estimated by touchstone.

We passed the coins around as currency as they were made of precious metals and had value in themselves. You traded as many of your gold and silver coins were needed to exchange them for what you wanted that also had value and was owned by someone else. The value of the coins was roughly based on the value of the metals they contained, because you could always melt the coins down and use the metal for other purposes.

So far, so good. It all makes sense. But the madness starts when we fast forward a few hundred years to when we decided to play around with paper.

Governments and rich men traded what they had to amass huge collections of gold and silver, which are extremely physically heavy (a gold bar is around 13kg, or 13 bags of sugar) and very resistant to rusting. Every country had a national supply of hundreds of tonnes of both that it used as its source of economic power and ability to acquire what it wanted as it is regarded as the ultimate security, and its original purpose was for paying for wars. Governments held theirs in secure facilities (hence The Treasury) and rich men tended to leave their own supplies with local Goldsmiths because they were too unwieldy to carry around.

People were paid in gold and silver, so when you bought something, you bought it with a fixed amount of a precious metal. If you sold something, you would get metals as payment, and deposit them with your local Goldsmith. When you deposited gold or silver, you were given an official receipt, or certificate for it. The paper receipts had no value whatsoever – they just certified you owned a finite quantity of gold and the goldsmith was acknowledging what you owned. The term “British Pound” was a unit of money backed by a Tower pound of sterling silver, hence the currency “Pound Sterling”.

Obviously, the more gold and silver you owned, the wealthier, richer and more powerful you were. Sir Thomas Beckett for example, who was murdered in his own chapel, would be worth around £85 billion by today’s standards. Bill Gates’ fortune is even more laughable when you realise it’s based on the thin air of company shares, and Beckett’s was in land and bullion.

What happened next changed everything as we moved to a system of “representative money”, which meant we traded the paper receipts instead of directly handing over gold or silver. Anyone could take a receipt back to the goldsmith on the promise that they would have gold handed back to them for however much gold the receipt was made out for. The receipts were “as good as gold”. And it didn’t take long before the goldsmiths worked out that no more than 10% of depositors wanted raw gold back for a receipt, so they started issuing lots and lots and lots of receipts – for more gold than they actually kept. Gold being the ultimate security, and the exchange of receipts for it became known as the “Gold Standard” which we adhered to even after the first world war. The transfer of these receipts and the associated gold by Templars across continents became one of the founding principles of modern ATM machines.

This practice is the very basis of our banking systems today and is called “fractional reserve banking”, and if you take out a note from your wallet you will see it clearly says “I promise to pay the bearer the sum of …” It means banks and usurers can lend 10 times the money they actually have, from when the goldsmiths issued receipts for 10 bars for every 1 bar they actually had in their vaults. The gold stayed where it was, and we just manipulated the paper. The wealthiest families and institutions today are these old goldsmith families of the last few hundred years, and the ability to exchange cash for other materials of value is known as its “convertibility”.

Fractional reserve banking is also the basis for all credit systems – loans, interest-charging, credit cards and more. Banks loan out 10 times more than they actually have, i.e. they loan out 10 times the amount of other people’s money they have to their other customers, and collect the interest for doing absolutely nothing. They are not making 10% from you – they are making 110%, so trebles all round.

Somewhere in the midst of all this total madness came the concept of a central bank. Up until then, banks all over the country could produce their own receipts (or “bank notes”), which were very easily forged. Our country’s wars and its general progress were judged by its gold supplies, which ran thin. At the end of the 16th century when we were at war with France, England’s finances were in such a state that William Paterson proposed a £1.2M loan on the government, raised from thousands of individual people who collectively became shareholders in a new private company called the “Bank of England” formed in 1694. It was to be repaid at 8% interest (the usury rate at the time was around 30%) and had a £4,000 yearly service charge, although only £750k was ever deposited.

In 1844, the Bank of England was finally given absolute control and monopoly (despite arguments about the “Impossible Trinity”) for producing bank notes (not money), and it had become the banker’s bank and attempted to retain enough gold to redeem all the notes in circulation. In 1870 it was given the power to set the official rate of interest, and loaned not only money to the government, but to other banks.

This repayment to the bank became known as the “national debt”, or the amount of money the government owed the Bank. So to recap, the government commissioned the Bank of England to produce money as a private company, and lend it to them at interest. Because each amount of money produced and put into circulation by that private company is loaned, a fixed degree of interest is attached to it, creating a perpetual debt that cannot ever be paid off. In fact, if it ever is, the system will collapse. So that means we have put ourselves in debt – forever. It cannot ever be paid off. If we need more money to pay off the existing debt, we need to ask the Bank to give us more, which is yet again loaned out at interest, so the debt keeps getting bigger and bigger forever.

And of course with London having been the financial capital of the world for centuries, all other countries followed suit. Most countries now have central banks based on the Bank of England template, the start of which were the colonies of the British Empire. History records that the US war of Independence was primarily a rebellion by the natives to produce their own currency (Colonial Script) so they would not be forced to borrow money from the mother ship Bank of England and therefore be enslaved economically. The US Federal Reserve (the US central bank and sole issuer of the US Dollar) is a private company that is unconstitutional, answers to no-one and works under laws dreamt up by bankers rather than politicians.

In 1931 we abandoned the Gold Standard and put the metal reserves and foreign exchange under Treasury control, and after the Second World War, the government nationalised the bank so it became a public service (as we have just done with Northern Rock). We tied our money to the US Dollar, and then to bonds as we do today. The US unlinked from Gold in 1971 and most major developed countries linked the value of their money to the US dollar. To this day, the Bank of England is government owned, and we’ll see why that is madness later on. Gordon Brown gave it power of attorney when Labour came to power in 1997 and it now sets interest rates and tries to keep inflation down to 2.5%.

The real insanity came when we were so cleverly replaced the representative system of the Gold Standard with “Fiat Currency”, which is essentially a promise, or another piece of paper. So we stopped securing our receipts for gold bars, and turned them around to be receipts for other receipts. No, really. Our Fiat system essentially means that the government promises to redeem your receipt for real money if the bank can’t pay (on the basis of its control, taxes, rights to land etc), rather than the central bank guarantee it themselves for the gold in their vault.

Their promise, or good faith, is called a “bond”. You are able to walk into the Bank of England and redeem your note for a government bond receipt, which in turn isn’t really redeemable for anything else other than another bank note, which is redeemable for a bond, etc.

And now with the revelation of computers, money is not even paper anymore – it is a number on a screen that is redeemed for paper, which is secured on a promise by the government to redeem it with money from taxes. Shares in companies, bonds, futures, commodities and cash itself are just electronic numbers in computer systems.

Millions of pounds worth of sterling banknotes in circulation are not legal tender, but that does not mean that they are illegal or of lesser value; their status is of “legal currency” (that is to say that their issue is approved by the parliament of the UK) and they are backed up by Bank of England money.

Our future is that our central bank (the Bank of England) will hand over control of our money supply to the European Central Bank, as part of the new United States of Europe. I say that as fact, not as a derogatory UKIP-style term.

The government owns the Bank of England, so effectively we commission ourselves to produce money that we loan ourselves at interest, that we can never repay to ourselves unless we order more money from ourselves which is again loaned at interest. The money in our pockets is a receipt for another receipt for a promise to pay up, based on the idea we can raise taxes to settle the debt, which can only come from the money in circulation we commissioned ourselves to produce, which we loaned at interest to ourselves.

Confused yet?

In case you hadn’t noticed, the idea of paper money is a smokescreen that money men have enjoyed watching us obsess over because it has meant they have been able to suck up all the genuine wealth (i.e. things in the world that have value and retain a value).

What we do today is actually completely the wrong way round: we focus everything on converting our material assets (land, products, intellectual property etc) into paper money, and assume that if we have a suitcase of notes that we are rich. Unfortunately it’s the other way around, as the paper has no real value, and we should of course be doing all we can to turn our paper into material fixed assets that retain value and can be redeemed on demand for paper. But of course doing that would mean that wealth would be shared amongst all of us, and we all know very well that bankers don’t like sharing at all. So we are manipulated into valuing and keeping the paper receipts, whilst the world’s richest hold onto the things that actually have value. The wealthy families and people do not deal in cash.

Strictly speaking a debt is not money, primarily because debt cannot act as a unit of account. All debts are denominated in units of something external to the debt. However, credit money certainly acts as a substitute for money when it is used in other functions of money (medium of exchange and store of value). If any more than 10% of a bank’s customers demanded their money over the counter, it would collapse and all debts would arguably be null and void as the “money” didn’t exist in the first place. Interesting thought.

So the point here is that the only thing that gives that paper in your pocket any value is how many other pieces of paper like it are around (inflation), and it only functions as a short-term exchange mechanism. Money has value because people believe that they will be able to exchange their money for goods and services in the future. The idea is to focus on acquiring wealth, or collective things that actually have value as the bankers do – that can be land, metals, art, objects or as we do today – intellectual property. You invest in safe things like property not because their value always rises, but simply because they actually have any value at all and retain it over time.

In case you’re wondering, Britain has around 300 metric tonnes of gold after Gordon Brown sold 415 out of our original 715 tonnes (10% of our total mineral holdings) for Euro currency in the last few years, and a typical size gold bar is currently worth around £190,000. The US has the biggest stash on the planet, as detailed by the World Gold Council. Britain currently owes around £570 billion to the Bank of England (our national debt), and our level of consumer debt currently stands at £1.6 Trillion. 1% of the British population owns 21% of British wealth, and 50% only share 7% of it.

The richest 2% of adults in the world own more than half the world’s wealth. The richest 1% of adults owned 40% of global assets (personal savings and home, land, and stock ownership–less debts) in the year 2000, and that the richest 10% of adults accounted for 85% of the world’s total. In contrast, the assets of half of the world’s adult population account for barely 1% of global wealth.

You are one of Britain’s other 99%, and one of the of the world’s other 99%.

“For the -love- of money is the root of all evil: which while some coveted after, they have erred from the faith, and pierced themselves through with many sorrows.”

1 Timothy 6:10 (c. 62-66 A.D)

“Permit me to issue and control the money of the nation and I care not who makes its laws.”

Mayer Amsched Rothchild (1744)





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